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二、美國現實主義文學的萌芽 
　　 

1.

"Self-Reliance" is an 1841 essay written by American transcendentalist philosopher and essayist Ralph Waldo Emerson. It contains the most thorough statement of one of Emerson's recurrent 循环的themes, the need for each individual to avoid conformity一成不變 and false consistency 前后一致, and follow his or her own instincts and ideas. It is the source of one of Emerson's most famous quotations: "A foolish consistency is the hobgoblin 小妖精of little minds, adored by little statesmen and philosophers and divines." This essay is an analysis into the nature of the “aboriginal 原始的self on which a universal reliance may be grounded.”